{"id":1455,"date":"2017-02-14T12:37:56","date_gmt":"2017-02-14T11:37:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sovamm.cz\/wordpress\/?p=1455"},"modified":"2024-03-11T00:04:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T23:04:14","slug":"technicky-klenot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sovamm.cz\/wordpress\/2017\/02\/14\/technicky-klenot\/","title":{"rendered":"Technick\u00fd klenot"},"content":{"rendered":"

V po\u0159ad\u00ed ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem, ke kter\u00e9mu se ze Zpr\u00e1v pam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de 2016\/2 vrac\u00edme, je \u010dl\u00e1nek v\u011bnovan\u00fd obnov\u011b su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce v usedlosti \u010dp. 12 v Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed <\/a>(okr. \u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed). V\u00a0tabulce ilustrac\u00ed najdete \u0159adu fotografi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se do ZPP nedostaly a jimi\u017e tesa\u0159sk\u00fd mistr David Stejskal dokumentoval pr\u016fb\u011bh obnovy.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"SONY<\/a>
Stav p\u0159ed obnovou; foto Radim Urb\u00e1nek 2015<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

<\/p>\n

Fotografie z pr\u016fb\u011bhu obnovy su\u0161\u00e1rny; foto David Stejskal 2015:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t
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Su\u0161\u00e1rna ovoce v Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed – drobn\u00fd technick\u00fd klenot<\/h1>\n

I mezi drobn\u00fdmi neindustri\u00e1ln\u00edmi technick\u00fdmi objekty najdeme \u0159adu t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed prokazuj\u00ed svoji mimo\u0159\u00e1dnost. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce u \u010dp. 12 v\u00a0Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed, okres \u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed jich pak nalezneme hned n\u011bkolik. P\u0159\u00edkladem zmi\u0148me netypick\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed vedle\u00a0domu usedlosti nam\u00edsto mnohem bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed polohy a\u017e v\u00a0zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sadu, konstruk\u010dn\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost (bo\u010dn\u00ed manipula\u010dn\u00ed otvor), ale tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed \u201est\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u201c (dendrochronologicky datov\u00e1na do 70. let 19. stolet\u00ed, co\u017e je zhruba dv\u011b des\u00edtky let po\u00a0skon\u010den\u00ed aktivn\u00edho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed techniky rouben\u00ed ve zdej\u0161\u00ed oblasti).[1]<\/a><\/sup> Ostatn\u011b v\u0161edn\u00ed u tohoto typu drobn\u00e9ho technick\u00e9ho objektu nen\u00ed ani jeho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed za\u00a0nemovitou kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tku (r.\u00a0\u010d. 100856).<\/p>\n

Pro p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed si podoby objekty a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro p\u0159edstavu o jeho typologick\u00e9m za\u0159azen\u00ed zmi\u0148me, \u017ee tato drobn\u00e1 dvouprostorov\u00e1 su\u0161\u00e1rna ovoce pat\u0159\u00ed k objekt\u016fm se zasouvac\u00edmi l\u00edsami a\u00a0s\u00a0bezd\u00fdmn\u00fdm provozem.[2]<\/a><\/sup> V ji\u017en\u00edm pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed su\u0161ic\u00ed komory, kter\u00e1 je rouben\u00e1, prostupuje st\u011bna vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed pece zd\u011bn\u00e1 z\u00a0p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel s\u00a0\u00fast\u00edm topeni\u0161t\u011b a v\u00fddechov\u00fdm otvorem nahrazuj\u00edc\u00edm kom\u00edn. P\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fd a obslu\u017en\u00fd prostor m\u00e1 podobu jednoduch\u00e9 r\u00e1mov\u00e9 konstrukce, druhotn\u011b \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b bedn\u011bn\u00e9. Cel\u00fd objekt kryje sedlov\u00e1 st\u0159echa p\u0159edstupuje v\u00a0ji\u017en\u00edm pr\u016f\u010del\u00ed o v\u00edce ne\u017e 1\u00a0m z\u00a0d\u016fvodu ochrany obsluhy p\u0159ed nepohodou.[3]<\/a><\/sup> Kou\u0159 otopn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu su\u0161\u00e1rny neodv\u00e1d\u00ed kom\u00edn, ale odch\u00e1z\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm v\u00fddechov\u00fdm otvorem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm vlevo nad \u00fast\u00edm vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed pece. Takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo m\u00edrn\u00fd tah vhodn\u00fd pro udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed teploty v\u00a0su\u0161ic\u00ed komo\u0159e bez zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eby paliva. Dopl\u0148me, \u017ee podobu vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 krom\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho v\u00fddechov\u00e9ho otvoru tak\u00e9 \u00fast\u00ed vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed pece ve\u00a0st\u011bn\u011b vyzd\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel.<\/p>\n

Oprava su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po \u0159ad\u011b let, kdy objekt ch\u00e1tral, do\u0161lo v\u00a0prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2015 na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho se d\u00edky Krajsk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159adu Pardubick\u00e9ho kraje poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, aby mohly b\u00fdt zah\u00e1jeny opravy. Velmi podstatn\u00fdm pro zachov\u00e1n\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed autentick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stavby se stalo konstatov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee objekt nebude zbyte\u010dn\u011b vracen do\u00a0funk\u010dn\u00ed podoby s\u00a0rekonstruov\u00e1n\u00edm dnes neexistuj\u00edc\u00edho otopn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, o jeho\u017e podob\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme pouze s\u00a0bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovanou m\u00edrou pravd\u011bpodobnosti domn\u00edvat.[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

V\u00a0z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tohoto roku pak tesa\u0159 David Stejskal z\u00a0Pardubic zah\u00e1jil opravu, kter\u00e1 objektu p\u0159inesla nejen maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed autentick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, ale do\u0161lo p\u0159i n\u00ed tak\u00e9 na \u0159adu zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Zd\u016frazn\u011bme, \u017ee oprava m\u00e1 podobu velmi kvalitn\u00ed ru\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, co\u017e je m\u00edn\u011bno doslovn\u011b, tedy oprava prob\u011bhla skute\u010dn\u011b bez pou\u017eit\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159i jej\u00ed realizaci bylo respektov\u00e1n\u00ed dochovan\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, a to nejen tr\u00e1m\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed nap\u0159. dvou subtiln\u00edch kulatin p\u0159ibit\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed h\u0159eb\u00edk\u016f ke\u00a0krokv\u00edm a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch zav\u011btrov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo \u010d\u00e1sti st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edch lat\u00ed. Z\u00a0nich David Stejskal \u0161est dochovan\u00fdch kus\u016f pou\u017eil zp\u011bt. Zbyl\u00e9 tesal z\u00a0nov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu jako t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00e9. Pro kladen\u00ed zde pou\u017eit\u00e9 krytiny \u2013 hladk\u00fdch st\u0159e\u0161n\u00edch ta\u0161ek \u201ebobrovek\u201c \u2013 toti\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt st\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed la\u0165 na\u00a0horn\u00ed hran\u011b opracov\u00e1na bez obliny.<\/p>\n

Pro \u00faplnost dodejme, \u017ee do\u0161lo tak\u00e9 na nezbytn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159ezd\u011bn\u00ed st\u011bny z\u00a0p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel s\u00a0\u00fast\u00edm vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00ed pece a\u00a0v\u00fddechov\u00fdm otvorem. Oproti oprav\u00e1m prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdm s\u00a0razantn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnou zdic\u00edho materi\u00e1lu a s\u00a0v\u00e1pennou \u010di dokonce v\u00e1pennocementovou maltou zde do\u0161lo pouze k\u00a0oprav\u011b v\u00a0nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e s\u00a0v\u00fdm\u011bnou n\u011bkolika cihel a\u00a0s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm hlin\u011bn\u00e9 malty.<\/p>\n

Shrnut\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch a nyn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zcela nezvykle se ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b su\u0161ic\u00ed komory nach\u00e1z\u00ed ost\u011bn\u00ed dve\u0159\u00ed. Dosud jedin\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je, \u017ee dve\u0159n\u00ed otvor slou\u017eil pro manipulaci se su\u0161en\u00fdm ovocem na l\u00eds\u00e1ch, nebo\u0165 se v\u00a0r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9 komory su\u0161\u00ed nerovnom\u011brn\u011b a je t\u0159eba jej proto kontrolovat a\u00a0p\u0159erovn\u00e1vat. U\u00a0obvykl\u00fdch su\u0161\u00e1ren ovoce se toto d\u011bje vyta\u017een\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch l\u00eds, co\u017e samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neumo\u017e\u0148uje porovn\u00e1n\u00ed v celku.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed je vzhledem k\u00a0nevelk\u00e9mu st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed objektu archaick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed stropu su\u0161ic\u00ed komory, kter\u00fd je vyroben z\u00a0p\u016flen\u00fdch poval\u016f, obto\u010den\u00fdch sl\u00e1mou nam\u00e1\u010denou v\u00a0hlin\u011bn\u00e9 sm\u011bsi a opat\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00ed i\u00a0vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strany hlin\u011bnou mazanic\u00ed. Takov\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 proveden\u00ed z\u00a0jin\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce nezn\u00e1me, a to nejen ve zdej\u0161\u00ed oblasti. Tato mazanice z\u00a0jednoho nahrazovan\u00e9ho povalu byla plavena a\u00a0paleobotanicky ur\u010dena.[6]<\/a><\/sup> Tato anal\u00fdza ur\u010dila jednozna\u010dn\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bnou sl\u00e1mu d\u00edky n\u011bkolika zachovan\u00fdm fragment\u016fm kl\u00e1sk\u016f v\u010detn\u011b nezal\u00fdch, jako \u017eito set\u00e9 (Secale cereale<\/em>). Krom\u011b n\u011bj zpr\u00e1va zmi\u0148uje, \u017ee \u201enehojn\u011b byly zji\u0161t\u011bny i\u00a0v\u011btvi\u010dky, listy a\u00a0drobn\u00e9 uhl\u00edky b\u0159\u00edzy. Byl nalezen i\u00a0fragment dubov\u00e9ho listu, borka a jehlice borovice lesn\u00ed a uhl\u00edk vrby. Za\u00a0zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed i\u00a0p\u0159\u00edtomnost pecky slivon\u011b \u0161vesky i jedno semeno r\u00e9vy vinn\u00e9.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza tak jako \u201evedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt\u201c potvrzuje domn\u011bnku, \u017ee hl\u00ednu pro mazanici p\u0159ipravovali stavebn\u00edci bez snahy o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distoty a to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159\u00edmo na \u201ehol\u00e9 zemi\u201c s\u00a0ignorov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u011bs\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se do sm\u011bsi dost\u00e1valy z\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u00edho okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0roce 2000 provedl Josef Kyncl ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bnou dendrochronologickou dataci a\u00a0p\u0159i pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prezentaci v\u00fdsledk\u016f konstatoval, \u017ee p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vzork\u016f t\u0159\u00ed rouben\u00fdch su\u0161\u00e1ren ovoce (u \u010dp. 3 a 4 v\u00a0No\u0159\u00edn\u011b a\u00a0u\u00a0\u010dp. 12 v\u00a0Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed) \u201ese mnoho jednotliv\u00fdch prvk\u016f uk\u00e1zalo vz\u00e1jemn\u011b nesynchronizovateln\u00fdch a\u00a0\u010dasto i zjevn\u011b nesynchronn\u00edch, tak\u017ee musely b\u00fdt podrobeny pokusu o\u00a0synchronizaci ka\u017ed\u00fd samostatn\u011b. Su\u0161\u00e1rna v Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed vyk\u00e1zala i\u00a0pestr\u00e9 druhov\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed a jedin\u00e9 t\u0159i odatovan\u00e9 (smrkov\u00e9) tr\u00e1mky vyk\u00e1zaly rozd\u00edln\u00e9 datace podkorn\u00edho (1866, 1873) a\u00a0posledn\u00edho (1856) letokruhu.<\/em>\u201c Josef Kyncl tehdy vyslovil n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed domn\u011bnku: \u201ePro zhotoven\u00ed rouben\u00e9 stavby z\u00a0kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho (do\u00a01,5\u00a0m) d\u0159eva byl z\u0159ejm\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b z\u00edskan\u00fd materi\u00e1l, nap\u0159. odpad z\u00a0jin\u00fdch staveb, vybran\u00e9 kusy ze skl\u00e1dek rovnan\u00e9ho (palivov\u00e9ho) d\u0159\u00edv\u00ed, zbytky z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch staveb, ulo\u017een\u00e9 n\u011bkde v\u00a0usedlosti apod. Po\u010d\u00edtat mus\u00edme i s druhotn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem.<\/em>\u201c[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

P\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed prac\u00ed se David Stejskal pozastavil nad uveden\u00fdmi z\u00e1v\u011bry a vyslovil pochyby nad dendrochronologickou datac\u00ed a\u00a0ur\u010den\u00edm druhu d\u0159eva. Z\u00a0pohledu tesa\u0159e m\u00e1 toti\u017e z\u00e1l\u0161sk\u00e1 su\u0161\u00e1rna ovoce jednotn\u00fd charakter a\u00a0jist\u011b nen\u00ed poskl\u00e1dan\u00e1 ze \u201ezbytkov\u00e9ho\u201c d\u0159eva. Plat\u00ed toti\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00ed poznatek z\u00a0\u0159emesln\u00e9ho hlediska, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed a tedy such\u00e9 d\u0159evo se ned\u00e1 kvalitn\u011b tesat. Tento n\u00e1zor vyvolal pot\u0159ebu druh\u00e9ho dendrochronologick\u00e9ho rozboru, kter\u00fd posl\u00e9ze zajistil Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kyncl v\u00a0listopadu tohoto roku.[8]<\/a><\/sup> Bohu\u017eel se v\u0161ak ze v\u0161ech 10\u00a0odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f poda\u0159ilo datovat pouze jedin\u00fd \u2013 prahov\u00fd tr\u00e1m rouben\u00ed v\u00a0jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b. Ke sm\u00fdcen\u00ed jeho d\u0159eva do\u0161lo v\u00a0letech 1867 a\u017e 1868. P\u0159esto\u017ee z\u00a0v\u00fdsledku nelze dovozovat dal\u0161\u00ed obecn\u00e9 souvislosti, m\u016f\u017eeme za pozitivn\u00ed pova\u017eovat, \u017ee tato datace se nach\u00e1z\u00ed mezi datacemi podkorn\u00edch letokruh\u016f (1866 a 1873) z\u00a0ji\u017e uveden\u00e9ho\u00a0rozboru Josefa Kyncla.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0zaj\u00edmav\u00e9mu zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do\u0161lo p\u0159i rozeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed krovu. St\u0159e\u0161n\u00ed la\u0165 byla v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m styku s\u00a0krokv\u00ed p\u0159ibita dvojic\u00ed strojn\u011b vyroben\u00fdch h\u0159eb\u00edk\u016f, jedn\u00edm o d\u00e9lce 80 a druh\u00fdm 90 mm. V\u00a0krokv\u00edch se nenach\u00e1zely stopy po jin\u00fdch h\u0159eb\u00edc\u00edch nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch kol\u00edc\u00edch. Z\u00a0toho je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee lat\u011b i krokve poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 tedy datuj\u00ed st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed strojn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch h\u0159eb\u00edk\u016f a\u00a0p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed ve\u00a0vesnick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a to je\u0161t\u011b na\u00a0drobn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 stavb\u011b, u\u00a0jak\u00e9 se obecn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvala sp\u00ed\u0161 zbytkov\u00fd a\u00a0druhotn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00fd materi\u00e1l.[9]<\/a><\/sup> S\u00a0ohledem k\u00a0limituj\u00edc\u00edmu zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed obou denrochronologick\u00fdch rozbor\u016f sice nelze stanovit p\u0159esnou dobu jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed, ale ur\u010dit\u011b nebudeme daleko od skute\u010dnosti s\u00a0p\u0159edpokladem prvn\u00ed poloviny 70. let 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n

K\u00a0vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed krovu nad su\u0161ic\u00ed komorou i manipula\u010dn\u00edm prostorem do\u0161lo v jedn\u00e9 etap\u011b, jak vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 nap\u0159. ze zp\u016fsobu tes\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch tr\u00e1m\u016f a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0jednotn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch tesa\u0159sk\u00fdch zna\u010dek.<\/p>\n

Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee cel\u00e9 dno su\u0161ic\u00ed komory tvo\u0159\u00ed podlaha z\u00a0p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel. Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed je, \u017ee d\u00edky nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed ter\u00e9nu je nyn\u00ed sice cca 20 cm pod jeho \u00farovn\u00ed, ale i\u00a0p\u0159es tento probl\u00e9m a p\u0159es skute\u010dnost, \u017ee do objektu minulosti zat\u00e9kala de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1 voda, jsou tyto cihly v\u00a0pozoruhodn\u011b dobr\u00e9m stavu. Je t\u0159eba dodat, \u017ee podezd\u00edvka z\u00a0lomov\u00e9ho kamene je ne docela b\u011b\u017en\u011b l\u00edcovan\u00e1 na vnit\u0159n\u00ed stranu rouben\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a ne zcela objasn\u011bn\u00fd p\u016fvod se vztahuje k\u00a0otvoru v\u00a0prvn\u00edm tr\u00e1mu rouben\u00e9 st\u011bny, zazd\u011bn\u00e9mu p\u00e1len\u00fdmi cihlami. V\u00a0jeho st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti m\u016f\u017eeme rozeznat dv\u011b sp\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee se zde nach\u00e1zel otvor na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku cihly (okolo 15\u00a0cm). Nab\u00edz\u00ed se pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 mo\u017enost, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0poz\u016fstatek vy\u00fast\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho topn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9mu rovn\u00e9mu topn\u00e9mu kan\u00e1lu dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 dochovan\u00fd v\u00fddechov\u00fd otvor existenci topn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu tvaru U, k\u00a0\u010demu\u017e s\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed do\u0161lo dopln\u011bn\u00edm ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b analogi\u00ed z\u00a0jin\u00fdch su\u0161\u00e1ren ovoce m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat pou\u017eit\u00ed keramick\u00fdch kou\u0159ovod\u016f.[10]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Pozornost v\u011bnujme i tahu pro l\u00edsy. Nejprve do\u0161lo k\u00a0zav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed obou n\u00e1ro\u017e\u00ed severn\u00ed st\u011bny su\u0161ic\u00ed komory a teprve pot\u00e9 se do n\u00ed vy\u0159\u00edzl otvor, jeho\u017e rozm\u011bry jsou svisle o n\u011bkolik centimetr\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e vlastn\u00ed r\u00e1m s\u00a0tahy pro l\u00edsy. Aby r\u00e1m nez\u016fstal voln\u00fd, je otvor na\u00a0spodn\u00ed stran\u011b vypln\u011bn\u00fd men\u0161\u00edmi kusy d\u0159ev. Cel\u00e1 konstrukce severn\u00ed st\u011bny je stavebn\u011b nelogick\u00e1. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se toti\u017e technicky vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se sloupky po obou stran\u00e1ch tah\u016f pro l\u00edsy nahrazuj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1ro\u017en\u00ed rouben\u00e9 spoje.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1le\u0161sk\u00e1 su\u0161\u00e1rna ovoce sice zd\u00e1nliv\u011b p\u016fsobila p\u0159ed opravou velmi rustik\u00e1ln\u011b, ale nemohla b\u00fdt postavena jako provizorn\u00ed. Sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o\u00a0tom kvalitn\u00ed tesa\u0159sk\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce jak rouben\u00ed, tak krovu, ale t\u00e9\u017e zp\u016fsob proveden\u00ed stropu.<\/p>\n

Pozornost u t\u00e9to su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce p\u0159itahuje mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed s\u00a0dv\u00ed\u0159ky umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi kontrolu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b manipulaci cel\u00e9 su\u0161en\u00e9 vs\u00e1zky ovoce. D\u016fsledn\u011b vzato toti\u017e z\u00a0hlediska provozu tohoto technick\u00e9ho objektu dan\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed dv\u00ed\u0159ka nejsou nezbytn\u00e1, co\u017e vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku, zda jejich smysl nespo\u010d\u00edval v\u00a0n\u011b\u010dem jin\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Oprava z\u00e1le\u0161sk\u00e9 su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce vych\u00e1zela z\u00a0konzerva\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu, kter\u00fd vedl k\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u00edmu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed autentick\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed a\u00a0prvk\u016f, co\u017e nen\u00ed samo\u00fa\u010deln\u00e9, ale zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enost jejich pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vysv\u011btlen\u00ed nyn\u00ed ne zcela srozumiteln\u00e9ho smyslu, resp. funkce.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch historick\u00fdch objekt\u016f zpravidla plat\u00ed, \u017ee o pen\u00edze jde v\u00a0prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b drobn\u00e9ho objektu tohoto typu v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nka hr\u00e1t hlavn\u00ed roli. Naopak to, zda se oprava povede \u010di nepovede, vych\u00e1z\u00ed z dobr\u00e9 v\u016fle z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch \u2013 zejm\u00e9na majitele (investora) a \u0159emesln\u00edka, kter\u00fd vlastn\u00ed opravu prov\u00e1d\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b respektov\u00e1n\u00ed autentick\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b drobn\u00fdch a\u00a0p\u0159i oprav\u00e1ch b\u011b\u017en\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdch prvk\u016f (nap\u0159. kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 kulatiny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed zav\u011btrov\u00e1n\u00ed krovu), ale tak\u00e9 snaha o\u00a0proveden\u00ed nov\u00fdch prvk\u016f s\u00a0vysokou kontinuitou tradi\u010dn\u00edho \u0159emesla.<\/p>\n

Realizace z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch prac\u00ed na tomto objektu, p\u0159esn\u011bji jeho rozeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed opravou, m\u011blo tak\u00e9 jeden vedlej\u0161\u00ed, ale podstatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos. T\u00edm je doklad pou\u017eit\u00ed strojn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch h\u0159eb\u00edk\u016f ve\u00a0vesnick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed na drobn\u00e9m technick\u00e9m objektu, kter\u00fd nebyl reprezentativn\u00ed, ale naopak ryze \u00fa\u010delovou stavbou.<\/p>\n

Radim Urb\u00e1nek<\/em><\/p>\n

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  1. Znaleck\u00fd posudek \u010d.\u00a0109-39\/99 na\u00a0dendrochronologick\u00fd rozbor rouben\u00e9 su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce u \u010dp.\u00a012 v Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed, vypracovan\u00fd Ing.\u00a0Josefem\u00a0Kynclem; d\u00e1le t\u00e9\u017e KYNCL, Josef : Dendrochronologie \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9ho meziho\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro datov\u00e1n\u00ed smrkov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva.<\/em> In Sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ze\u00a0semin\u00e1\u0159e Vesnick\u00e9 technick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky \u2013 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed objekty. Vyd.\u00a01. Vysok\u00e9 M\u00fdto : Region\u00e1ln\u00ed muzeum ve Vysok\u00e9m M\u00fdt\u011b, 2003, s. 63-65. bez ISBN \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Su\u0161\u00e1rnami ovoce a su\u0161en\u00edm v\u00a0nich, pop\u0159. su\u0161en\u00edm ovoce jin\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 nap\u0159. n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed literatura. TREJBAL,\u00a0Ji\u0159\u00ed: P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed a su\u0161en\u00ed ovoce ve\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch.<\/em> In\u00a0Sborn\u00edk Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho\u00a0muzea v Praze Prameny a studie, sv.\u00a030. Vyd. 1. Praha : N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 muzeum v\u00a0Praze, 1989, s. 212-234, bez ISBN; TREJBAL,\u00a0Ji\u0159\u00ed: Su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/em> In Sborn\u00edk Zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho muzea v Praze Prameny a studie, sv.\u00a030 Vyd. 1. Praha : N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 muzeum v\u00a0Praze, 1989, s. 87-212, bez ISBN; URB\u00c1NEK, Radim: Su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce v okr. \u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed<\/em>, In\u00a0Sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ze\u00a0semin\u00e1\u0159e S\u00daPP ve\u00a0Vl\u010dnov\u011b ve dnech 13.-15.9.2000<\/em>. Praha 2001. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Nap\u0159. URB\u00c1NEK, Radim: Su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce v okr. \u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed.Zpr\u00e1vy pam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de<\/em> LXIII.<\/em> 2003, s. 27-33. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek obsahuje dal\u0161\u00ed informace k\u00a0jednoduch\u00e9mu popisu objektu. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Po\u00a0zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed funkci su\u0161en\u00ed ovoce se zde podobn\u011b jako u\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zejm\u00e9na venkovn\u00edch su\u0161\u00e1ren ovoce mohlo prov\u00e1d\u011bt tak\u00e9 uzen\u00ed. Snadn\u00e1 \u00faprava su\u0161\u00e1ren ovoce v\u00a0podob\u011b drobn\u00e9 stavebn\u00ed zm\u011bny vyh\u0159\u00edvac\u00edho kan\u00e1lku k\u00a0n\u011bmu doslova sv\u00e1d\u011bla. U\u00a0z\u00e1l\u0161sk\u00e9 su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce neexistuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 doklady jej\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed jako ud\u00edrny. Snad jej nep\u0159\u00edmo dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed stopy po\u00a0\u201epo\u017e\u00e1ru\u201c na\u00a0tr\u00e1mech rouben\u00ed, resp. jejich o\u010dazen\u00ed. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. D\u011bkuji Davidu Stejskalovi za \u0159adu podstatn\u00fdch upozorn\u011bn\u00ed a n\u011bkolik podn\u011btn\u00fdch konzultac\u00ed k\u00a0t\u00e9to su\u0161\u00e1rn\u011b ovoce i tesa\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u0159emeslu. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Rozbor proveden\u00fd Janem Nov\u00e1kem dle zpr\u00e1vy Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed su\u0161\u00e1rna ovoce u \u010dp. 12<\/em>okres \u00dast\u00ed nad Orlic\u00ed<\/em> ze dne 17.12.2015. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. KYNCL, Josef : Dendrochronologie \u010ceskomoravsk\u00e9ho meziho\u0159\u00ed a\u00a0jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam pro datov\u00e1n\u00ed smrkov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva.<\/em> In Sborn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ze\u00a0semin\u00e1\u0159e Vesnick\u00e9 technick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky \u2013 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed objekty. Vyd.\u00a01. Vysok\u00e9 M\u00fdto : Region\u00e1ln\u00ed muzeum ve\u00a0Vysok\u00e9m M\u00fdt\u011b, 2003, s. 65. bez ISBN \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Podrobn\u011b viz Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kyncl Dendrochronologick\u00e9 datov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f su\u0161\u00e1rny ovoce u \u010dp. 12 v\u00a0Z\u00e1l\u0161\u00ed, nepublikovan\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, DendroLab Brno, 2015. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. P\u0159edpoklad \u201ezbytkov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu\u201c opodstat\u0148uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v\u00a0su\u0161\u00e1rn\u00e1ch ovoce se b\u011b\u017en\u011b druhotn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaly kachle a\u00a0litinov\u00e9 pl\u00e1ty ze\u00a0star\u0161\u00edch otopn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, star\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1len\u00e9 cihly nebo keramick\u00e9 kou\u0159ovody \u010dtvercov\u00e9ho pr\u016f\u0159ezu. \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Jde o typ kou\u0159ovodu se \u010dtvercov\u00fdm pr\u016f\u0159ezem, u\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u00a0odvodu kou\u0159e z\u00a0otopn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do kom\u00edna nebo t\u011blesa d\u00fdmn\u00edkov\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed kou\u0159ovody plechov\u00fdmi.<\/em> \u2191<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n